A Comparison of Love in Jane Eyre and Wide Sargasso Sea Essay -- compa

Love in Jane Eyre and Wide Sargasso Sea      Ã‚   In the passages presented below, both narrators are soliciting affection and love. For Jane, in Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte, her mother figure, Aunt Reed, shows absolutely no affection towards her niece. Coldly, Ms. Reed regards Jane only as a bothersome child she was left to raise. Similarly, Antoinette, in Jean Rhys's Wide Sargasso Sea, is raised disregarded and unloved by her mother Annette. Although shunned, Jane and Antoinette both have the passion and willingness to love. However, it is the paths their lives took that characterizes the way they chose to deal with life's uncertainties.    "My disposition is not so bad as you think: I am passionate, but not vindictive. Many a time, as a little child, I should have been glad to love you if you would have let me; and I long earnestly to be reconciled to you know; kiss me, aunt."    I approached my cheek to her lips; she would not touch it. She said I oppressed her by leaning over the bed; and again demanded water. As I laid her down--for I raised her and supported her on my arm while she drank--I covered her ice-cold and clammy hand with mine; the feeble fingers shrank form my touch-the glazing eyes shunted my gaze...    Poor, suffering woman! It was too late for her to make now the effort to change her habitual... ...unned by her mother. She was simply incapable of trying to achieve it.    Works Cited and Consulted: Bronte, Charlotte. Jane Eyre. New York: Dodd, Mead & Company, 1991 Ciolkowski, Laura E.. "Navigating the Wide Sargasso Sea ¨ Twentieth Century Literature. Vol 43. 3. 1997:125-140. Gates, Barbara Timm, ed. Critical Essays on Charlotte Bronte. Boston: G. K. Hall, 1990. Howells, Coral Ann. Jean Rhys. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf. 1991. Macpherson, Pat. Reflecting on Jane Eyre. London: Routledge, 1989. Rhys, Jean. Wide Sargasso Sea. London: Penguin, 1968. Wyndham, F. Introduction. Wide Sargasso Sea. By Jean Rhys. London: Penguin, 1996. 1-15. A Comparison of Love in Jane Eyre and Wide Sargasso Sea Essay -- compa Love in Jane Eyre and Wide Sargasso Sea      Ã‚   In the passages presented below, both narrators are soliciting affection and love. For Jane, in Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte, her mother figure, Aunt Reed, shows absolutely no affection towards her niece. Coldly, Ms. Reed regards Jane only as a bothersome child she was left to raise. Similarly, Antoinette, in Jean Rhys's Wide Sargasso Sea, is raised disregarded and unloved by her mother Annette. Although shunned, Jane and Antoinette both have the passion and willingness to love. However, it is the paths their lives took that characterizes the way they chose to deal with life's uncertainties.    "My disposition is not so bad as you think: I am passionate, but not vindictive. Many a time, as a little child, I should have been glad to love you if you would have let me; and I long earnestly to be reconciled to you know; kiss me, aunt."    I approached my cheek to her lips; she would not touch it. She said I oppressed her by leaning over the bed; and again demanded water. As I laid her down--for I raised her and supported her on my arm while she drank--I covered her ice-cold and clammy hand with mine; the feeble fingers shrank form my touch-the glazing eyes shunted my gaze...    Poor, suffering woman! It was too late for her to make now the effort to change her habitual... ...unned by her mother. She was simply incapable of trying to achieve it.    Works Cited and Consulted: Bronte, Charlotte. Jane Eyre. New York: Dodd, Mead & Company, 1991 Ciolkowski, Laura E.. "Navigating the Wide Sargasso Sea ¨ Twentieth Century Literature. Vol 43. 3. 1997:125-140. Gates, Barbara Timm, ed. Critical Essays on Charlotte Bronte. Boston: G. K. Hall, 1990. Howells, Coral Ann. Jean Rhys. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf. 1991. Macpherson, Pat. Reflecting on Jane Eyre. London: Routledge, 1989. Rhys, Jean. Wide Sargasso Sea. London: Penguin, 1968. Wyndham, F. Introduction. Wide Sargasso Sea. By Jean Rhys. London: Penguin, 1996. 1-15.

Bullying In the Schools

In the past, these actions could be better controlled because they were limited to face-to-face interactions. In recent years, this age-old conflict has matched the pace of technological evolutions; making it more dangerous and harder to contain. Cell phones, social media sites, chat rooms, and other forms of technology have allowed bullying to expand into cyberspace. This new form of bullying is known as accessibility. The word â€Å"bully' can be traced back as far as the sass's (Hindu & Patching, 2009). In its most basic form, bullying involves two people, a bully or intimidator and a victim.The bully abuses the victim through physical, verbal, or other means in order to gain a sense of superiority or power. These actions may be direct (I. E. Hitting, verbally assaulting face-to-face, etc. ) or indirect (I. E. Rumors, gossip). There is no clear cut reason why children become a bully, but some evidence shows that they tend to be involved in alcohol consumption and smoking, have po orer academic records than involved students, display a strong need for dominance, and show little empathy for their victims (Roberts & Imports, 2000).Bullying may be means of increasing one's own social status (Pipelining, 2001). A strong correlation appears to exist between bullying other students during the school years and experiencing legal or criminal troubles as adults (Pigskin, 2002). Bullying tends to peak in middle school because this is when kids start to physically develop and become more aware of their differences (Pomeranian Beer, 2013). Cliques begin to take shape and a social system develops that lays heavily on the desire of adolescents to fit in.Bullying usually occurs in the presence of peers, who can adopt a variety of roles, such as remaining neutral during a bullying incident, assisting and encouraging the bully, or aiding or consoling the victim (unfortunately the latter role is rarely adopted by children). The action of peers in the vicinity of bullying incid ents typically support the bullying behavior rather than stop it (Sutton & Smith, 1999). Most children do not want to intervene, being afraid they might be the next target Pigskin, 2002).The impact of being bullied can leave a devastating affect lasting into adulthood. Children and adolescents being bullied tend to have lower academic grades and low self-esteem. The extreme scones ounces are suicidal thoughts or thoughts of violent revenge. While grade school children tend to rely on parents and teachers for support, junior and high school children tend to leave them out and rely more of the support of their friends (Subtotals, 180). This makes it especially difficult to intervene, not knowing here is such an incident. Usually intervention comes too later when a child has decided to take his/her own life or take a weapon to school to prove they are a victim no more. Media attention has made this epidemic a national crisis. Parents and school officials are calling for law-makers to t ake action to deter or punish bullying. In order to control and prevent this in schools or in cyberspace, bullying should first be acknowledged as a significant and pervasive problem, and secondly school-based intervention programs need to be developed.

The Many Ways to Love Essay - 1116 Words

Love is the most powerful of all magic. It brings hope, beauty, unity, and joy into ones life. Also, it brings pain and heartache if not nurtured, or if neglected. There are different types of love for example the love for your parents and children, which is unconditional, but sometimes complicated. Then there is the kind for lovers and friends, which are built on getting to know a person and accepting people for who they are. Regardless of the kind of love, it is still powerful and emotionally linked. Love brings people together, and creates distance too. Love makes people feel like they are on top of the world, and then sometimes makes others want to take their life. The two poems Robert Pack’s â€Å"The Frog Prince†, and Robert Hayden’s†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (806). The love that is presented in Hayden’s â€Å"Those Winter Sundays† portrays a child’s inability to see the sacrifice the father made to make sure he was cared for . The love shown in this poem is selfish, cruel, destitute, and silent. The difference between the two poems is that in the first poem the people are open to receiving love and able to enjoy its grandness, whereas, in the other poem the love there is grim and neither member seems eager to mend the situation. Love is unexplainable because it can transform the ugliest of things into beauty, and it can create despair when it goes unnoticed. Unconditional love is the most secure love of all. The love between parent and child is often never ending because it doesn’t matter what happens, people love their children and parents forever. In Pack’s poem the mother makes a startling discovery of her daughter’s and lovers first time. â€Å"An in the morning when her mother/ Came and saw them there in bed,/ Heard how a frog became a prince;/ What was it that her mother said?† (749). What was it the mother said to the young couple? What ever it was the princess obvious ly felt secure enough to have sex in her mothers’ house. Open communication exists between the mother and daughter, and she must have spoke to them about love and commitment. The bond between the father and child, in Hayden’s poem is non-existing.Show MoreRelatedThe Love in Romeo and Juliet by Shakespeare883 Words   |  4 PagesLove is just a word, until someone comes along and gives it a meaning. But what meaning they give the word is up to them .there are many different types of love in this world. Love comes in many different ways and they are not always pleasant. Love can make you happy or sad it depends on the way it comes to you. Love is tricky and can be confused with all of the different types of love. Love isn’t just one thing there is many different ways to show in and have it. In this play by Shakespeare RomeoRead MoreSonnet 43 : How Do I Love Thee804 Words   |  4 PagesHeidi Fish Mrs. Holthaus Advanced Comp. 6 October 2017 Sonnet 43: How Do I Love Thee? â€Å"How Do I Love Thee?† is just one of the many love poems that Elizabeth Browning had written in her lifetime. It expresses the unconditional love she has for her husband by listing the many ways she loves thee. Browning lists these ways by using a sonnet layout, many metaphors, and daily situations. There are many different poetry forms, one being a sonnet. It originates from the Italian word ‘sonetto’, whichRead MoreEssay about What is Love?532 Words   |  3 PagesWhat is love? The type of love I’m describing is the one that gives you butterflies when a certain person comes to mind. Just seeing that particular person can be enough to make one smile and make your day and all the worries go away. Right now that person comes to mind. It’s neither a crush nor infatuation and many are willing to do anything for this thing that is called love. Love can hurt in the long run, and people can also be blinded by it. Those who are ready to be loved have to ask themselvesRead MoreThe Different Ways Of Love931 Words   |  4 PagesSomething to be felt Love can be interpreted in many different ways by who you are, and how you feel towards it. It can give your life another meaning or it can make it a living hell. It has many different characteristics to it that will make you think about it in a new way. Love has many different seasons to it, and can be expressed in many different ways. There is a theory that gives every type of love a meaning. For every person love can mean something different. I will always love and respect my familyRead MoreHow Do I Love Thee1065 Words   |  5 PagesHow Do I Love Thee Elizabeth Barrett Browning asks, â€Å"How do I love thee? Let me count the ways.† (439). There are innumerable ways you are able to love to another individual. Each line of the poem answers her original question, and then goes on to prove (with evidence) that her love is indeed real. Browning describes and expresses her distinct feelings very literally about the one she loves in this poem. She explains love by listing and describing many of the ways that she knows how to love and comparesRead MoreThe Importance Of A State Of Love Essay1265 Words   |  6 Pagesin a state of love. Being in the state of love is the feeling of caring, kindness, acceptance and doing good deeds. Not the obligation, entitlement, judgment or an expectation for a return for our deeds. What I mean by an expectation for return for our deeds is, you do a good deed, out of the goodness of your heart. Helping makes you feel good to see others feel good. Not doing a good deed to get anything back as a r eturn on your investment of love. What does the worldly love actually meanRead MoreEssay about The Power of Love in The Four Loves by C.S. Lewis799 Words   |  4 PagesThe Power of Love in The Four Loves by C.S. Lewis Through life, people experience many kinds of love. Many people often believe they love someone, when they actually do not because they may not know what the word means. As much as we want to understand love, it is still simply indescribable. As C.S. Lewis tries to explain it in his book, The Four Loves, it is still a mystery as to what love truly means. I believe in order to know what love means, one must experience it. It is quite trueRead MoreEssay about Love in Mid Summer Nights Dream988 Words   |  4 PagesLove Love is one of the most difficult mysteries of life. The difficulty of love is shown throughout A Midsummer Night’s Dream. In the play, the characters have to deal with jealousy that comes along with being in love. Love’s difficulty in the play comes from love being out of balance. Love being out of balance is a romantic situation where a difference gets in the way of happiness in the relationship. William Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream demonstrates these conflicts with a little bitRead MoreLiterary Love Essay968 Words   |  4 PagesLove - possibly the most powerful four-letter word known to man. A feeling and emotion so strong that it makes it nearly impossible to put its meaning into words. However, it is also one of the most explored subjects in the world of literature. Whether in a comedy or a tragedy, the theme of love is very often expressed. This theme can be expressed in many different ways, for example, positively causing everyone to live happily ever after in a fairytale type of world, negatively being the cause

Marriage in ancient Rome Essay - 1408 Words

The Roman institution of marriage has been lauded as being the first purely humanistic law of marriage, one that is based on the idea of marriage being a free and freely dissolvable union of two equal partners for life. (Schulz, 1951;103) This is quite a simplistic view, as there were many differing forms of marriage in Rome, from the arranged marriages of the elite to the unions of slaves and soldiers. As we shall see, the Romans actual expectations of married life and the gains they envisioned they would receive from the experience depended greatly on their age, sex and social status. Unlike our contemporary society, no specific civil ceremony was required for the creation of a marriage; only mutual agreement and the fact that the†¦show more content†¦One reason was the need to keep the dowry of the bride in the brides family, especially if it was property. In later years the father of the bride could intervene between the husband and wife. (Treggiari, 1987;1344) The groom benefited from the extended family after marriage. One of the most important functions they performed for upper class men was to campaign and support him through his political offices. (Pliny the Younger, Letters, 1:14) One of the most considerable gains for a married woman was the respect and status that came with being a wife and mother, a quot;Matronaquot;. She held a position of respect and responsibility in the household and had a role in public worship. She was in charge of the keys of the house and the domestic staff, as well as organising and making the clothing for the family. (Treggiari, 1987;1350) Epitaphs abound proclaiming the skill with which women kept their houses and the virtues that they possessed, or were alleged to possess. It was in this way only that women were to be remembered, by their honour and loyalty to their husband and their competence at household chores. In the same inscription for Murdia (139) she is described by her son as deserving great praise, for in quot;†¦modesty, propriety, chastity, obedience,Show MoreRelatedMarriage in Ancient Rome1448 Words   |  6 PagesThe Roman institution of marriage has been lauded as being the first purely humanistic law of marriage, one that is based on the idea of marriage being a free and freely dissolvable union of two equal partners for life. (Schulz, 1951;103) This is quite a simplistic view, as there were many differing forms of marriage in Rome, from the arranged marriages of the elite to the unions of slaves and soldiers. As we shall see, the Romans actual expectations of married life and the gains they envisionedRead MoreMarriage and Ancient Rome Eras782 Words   |  4 Pagesknown as adolescent sex or youthful sex is a sexual activity that is practiced by people who are not yet married. The term â€Å"premarital sex† is referred to any sexual relations among people prior to marriage. During the 1950s, Western societies consider men and women of age 21 as a legal basis for marr iage, as such there were no considerations that one who had sex would not marry. Thus, the case was not clear whether sexual intercourses between individuals legally forbidden from marrying, or one uninterestedRead MoreAncient Roman Civilization And Modern Times936 Words   |  4 PagesThe ancient Roman civilization had many enduring contributions to modern times. Many of the ancient structures survived the ravages of time. This leads the modern tourist to experience the ancient civilization through much of what Ancient Rome’s engineers enduring achievements, namely, temples, baths, aqueducts and roads (Temin, The economy of the early Roman Empire, 2006). Beyond the physical structures that survived the millennia, there are numerous modern cultural influences that are readilyRead MoreWomen During The Ancient World1445 Words   |  6 PagesIn the ancient world, women were generally discriminated and deemed inferior to men. As a result, women in various civilizations were expected to uphold sexist stereotypes, which limited their freedoms and abilities. Two such civilizations were Ancient Rome and Early Modern England. England during the 15th and 16th centuries supported the Anglican faith. Women, by divine belief, were created as subordinates to men; the rationale for this constitutes the creation of Eve from Adam’s rib,Read MoreRole of Women in Ancient Roman Society Essay1341 Words   |  6 PagesThe role of women in ancient Rome is not easily categorized; in some ways they were treated better than women in ancient Greece, but in other matters they were only allowed a very modest degree of rights and privileges. One thing that does seem clear is that as the city-state of Rome evolved from its early days into a more complex society; women were not always limited to secondary roles. In some areas of Roman society, women were allowed more freedoms than in many other ancient civilizations. Research: Read MoreThe Religious And Social Differences Between Ancient Greece And Rome Essay1423 Words   |  6 PagesThe Religious and Social Differences between Ancient Greece and Rome In modern day, everyone tends to think of the Roman gods when they think of Greece, or when they think of the ancient gods in general. Juno versus Hera, Jupiter versus Zeus, and Mars versus Ares are some examples of their different and separate deities; not just their names, but their personalities as well. There are many differences between the two religions, as well as differences between each culture’s social standings. NotRead More Women in Rome Essay678 Words   |  3 Pages Most women in ancient Rome were viewed as property of the men who they lived with. Basically they were handed from their father to their new husband at the time of their marriage and surrendered any property they owned, or dowry they were given, to their husband (Document 1). There were however two types of marriage in ancient Rome, manus and sine manus. Under the first type, manus, the woman and all of her property and possessions were placed under the control of her husband and he could do withRea d MoreWomen Of The Roman Empire1022 Words   |  5 PagesIn the Roman Empire, and in most ancient societies, the role and status of woman has been obscured by the bias of ancient male writers. Just as women are viewed in ancient Greece, and Imperial China, women in the Roman Empire were viewed as inferior to men. In the Roman Empire it was believed that women should be under the control of a guardian, which controls the aspects of her life. This guardian could be her father, husband, or a male relative (Nystrom). Marriage in the Roman Empire was not romanticRead MoreWomens Roles in Ancient Greece and Rome Essay1138 Words   |  5 PagesWomens Roles in Ancient Greece and Rome Women have played important roles throughout history. They have been responsible for the rise and fall of nations, sustaining families, and have been the focal point of worship in ancient religions. Moving forward in history, womens roles have continually changed. Their status as matriarchs changed as the more advanced ancient civilizations rose. The patriarchal societies of ancient Greece and Rome viewed women differently from some societies of past erasRead MoreAncient Rome s Influence On The Modern World965 Words   |  4 PagesAncient Rome’s culture has existed throughout the almost 1200- year history of the civilization of Ancient Rome. Ancient Rome adapted most of their culture from their neighbors the Greeks and Etruscans. Ancient Rome culture has been affecting our modern world from colosseums and satre, for entertainment, to the name of Roman gods, for constellations. In Ancient Rome their entertainment included gladiator fighting and Roman Theater. Ancient Romeâ₠¬â„¢s arts were greatly influenced on the art Ancient Greece

The Heart Of A Heart Transplant - 907 Words

Imagine that your child just survived a heart transplant. This amazing surgical procedure has added valuable years to the child’s life and he or she is not in the hospital, able to go to school, and even go outside to play. One unfortunate problem with the surgery is that they have to take anti-rejection medication to ensure that the immune system does not reject the new heart. One small inconvenience that is acceptable considering the new heart has extended their life. However these drugs are designed to suppress the immune system and makes the child more susceptible to diseases. Because of this, the child cannot receive the normal childhood vaccinations which make them at risk for these, preventable, debilitating, and possibly deadly diseases. When able, the child goes back to school and contracts the Mumps, a preventable disease because another child’s guardian selfishly decided not to get their child inoculated. The child who had a new lease on life because of a new heart now is back in the hospital fighting for their life again. Guardians of healthy children should not be allowed to forgo childhood vaccinations. Modern day vaccination against disease was developed in 1796 when Edward Jenner inoculated a child for smallpox (Parent s Guide to Childhood Immunizations 27). Controversy over vaccinations were alive in the early 1800’s also. In 1802 a British satirist made a cartoon depicting humans turning into cows from Mr. Jenner’s cowpox vaccine to prevent smallpoxShow MoreRelatedThe Treatment Of Heart Transplant Essay912 Words   |  4 PagesBackground Heart transplant have grown to be a therapeutic strategies for patients with heart failure, and respectively offers improved quality life and survival. Many various techniques have been used to ensure safety and survival of pediatric patients, however in the case of rejection, death rate have enormously been reviewed. This process whereby recipient’s immune system attacks the transplanted organ is quite harmful as substances like antigens coats organ surface, therefore, immune system respondRead MoreShould A Heart Transplant Continue? Essay1129 Words   |  5 Pagesethically for a greater interest. Baruch C. Cohen has raise an interesting scenario: should a heart transplant continue to proceed if the doctor has murdered the donor to obtain the heart? In this situation, the donor is dead and there is no way to save him, yet the receiver can potentially survive with the new heart. Although the heart is tainted by unethical procedure, but it is clear that the transplant should c ontinue to maximise the overall benefit. Same applies to the research results. We cannotRead MoreWhy I Need A Heart Transplant1858 Words   |  8 PagesHeart Transplant Share to FacebookShare to TwitterShare to EmailShare to PrintMore AddThis Share optionsMore See related health topics and resources Back to Cardiovascular Tests and Procedures What is a heart transplant? A heart transplant is surgery to remove the diseased heart from a person and replace it with a healthy one from an organ donor. To remove the heart from the donor, two or more healthcare providers must declare the donor brain-dead. Before you can be put on a waiting list forRead MoreCell Sheet Adhesion Of Porcine Heart Tissue After Transplant936 Words   |  4 PagesTime Course Of cell Sheet Adhesion to Porcine Heart Tissue after Transplant Opposed to performing heart transplants after a myocardial infarction, cell sheets can be attached to the existing cardiac muscle in order to repair the damaged tissue, sticking the sheet to the heart without sutures. The researcher’s extracted bone marrow from a pig, washed away all red blood cells with a solution, and used reverse transcription so RNA makes cDNA. These cells were placed in a petri dish until the cells floatedRead MoreThe Treatment Of Cardiac Transplant Surgery1073 Words   |  5 PagesCardiac transplant is a surgical procedure to replace the patient’s diseased heart and replace it with a healthy heart from a cadaver or lifeless donor. Most of the end-stage heart failure patients are undergoing these heart transplant surgery. Cardiac transplant surgery is performed in critical situation to save the life of the human being who diagnosed as end – stage heart failure. (NHLBI,2012). A Patient diagnosed with congenital heart disease needed heart tra nsplant procedure in the mode of palliativeRead MoreCoronary Artery Disease1327 Words   |  6 PagesHeart disease, also known as the â€Å"silent killer†, is one of the most common causes of death worldwide, though many people live with this disease for many years without knowing it. Types of heart diseases include coronary artery disease, cardiomyopath, valvular heart disease, pericardial disease, and congenital heart disease. The most common type of heart disease is coronary artery disease. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is when the arteries that supplies blood for the heart muscle gradually hardensRead MoreThe Heart Of Heart Failure1167 Words   |  5 PagesAmericans have been diagnosed with heart failure† (Mancini Colombo, 2015, p. 2542). Heart failure is a condition where the heart does not pump as efficiently; therefore, it does not meet the needs of the body. There is a growing number of heart failure patients each year. â€Å"More than 300,000 deaths per year are attributed to heart failure, and the annual cost to manage these patients is close to $40 billion† (Mancini Colombo, 2015, p. 2542). Since the heart failure population is steadily growingRead MoreOrgan Allocation Case Study : Correctional Healthcare1147 Words   |  5 Pagesdonated organs are deemed un-transplantable. Heart transplantation is limited because circulatory death makes organs scarce. Healthcare personnel must make life-altering ethical decisions by putting aside any pers onal beliefs or prejudices. When there are multiple candidates it is critical that unbiased decisions are used to decide which patient should receive the transplant. The purpose of this paper is to not look at the personal history of the transplant candidate but to evaluate the medical historyRead MoreEssay about Organ Transplants for Prisoners1411 Words   |  6 PagesIn the article â€Å"Wanted, Dead or Alive? Kidney Transplants in Inmates Awaiting Execution†, Jacob M. Appel argues that, despite the criminal justice system’s view that death-row inmates deserve to die, they should be given the same opportunity to extend their life as anyone else. â€Å"The United States Supreme Court has held since 1976 that prison inmates are entitled to the same medical treatment as the free public† (645). â€Å"When it comes to healthcare, ‘bad people’ are as equal as the rest of us† (646)Read MoreOrgan Donation Case Study Essay967 Words   |  4 Pagesdonated organs are deemed un-transplantable. Heart transplantation is limited because circulatory death makes organs scarce. Healthcare personnel must make life-altering ethical decisions by putting aside any personal beliefs or prejudices. When there are multiple candidates it is critical that unbiased decisions are used to decide which patient should receive the transplant. The purpose of this paper is to not look at the personal history of the transplant candidate, but to evaluate the medical history

Is the Life-Span Approach Essential to Human Development Free Essays

Human development has been a subject of interest among modern researchers. The most prominent theory in human development is the life-span approach which is made up of various concepts. This essay aims to show the importance of the life-span approach by analysing some of the concepts that make up this approach, such as multi-directionality historical location and contexualism among others. We will write a custom essay sample on Is the Life-Span Approach Essential to Human Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now This essay will critically analyse some of the assumptions of the life-span approach. It will also examine arguments against the lifespan approach as well as other theories of human development such as Freud’s psychoanalytic theory with the aim of showing that this approach is essential for understanding human development. One of the major assumptions of the life-span approach as suggested by Baites, (1987) is that development is a ‘life-long process’ by this he meant that developmental changes occur throughout a person’s life, from the point of conception till death (Sugarman, 1986). Baltes, (1987) went on to state that development as a life-long process assumes that, no point in a person’s developmental life is more important than the other, every period of a person’s life is equally important weather it is childhood or aging, they are all important periods of development though this assumption is in direct contradiction to other theorists of human development such as Freud who believed that development ends at childhood and that adulthood is an extended version of childhood and that aging is more of â€Å"loss in adaptive capacity† hence does not qualify to be put in the paradigms of development . This has constituted the gain and loss argument (Baltes, 1987). Research on intelligence has shown that other forms of intelligence which involving reviewing of one’s life and wisdom emerge in old age and these forms of intelligence are not ‘genetically wired from birth† as suggested by Freud and (Baltes, 1987). This goes to show that development is not restricted to certain periods of a person’s life but happens up until death; hence the life-span approach is essential in understanding human development. With the desire to proove the importance of the life-span approach in human development This essay will look at another assumption put forward by life-span theorists which state that development is malti-directional, (Baltes, 1987). This means that human development has different forms and differs in the routes that it takes thoughout the developmental process for example the presents of degenerative and growth abilities in a person (Stenberg, Bornstein, Yandell, Rook, 011). It has also been noted by Li Freund, (2005) that development as viewed by the life-span theory is not a one way procces of accumulation but that some developmental aspect increase while others decline (Li Freund, 2005). Research by (cattel and horn, 1982 ) shows that a person consits of two types of intelligance mamely fluid and crystalized intelligance. According to this research fluid intelligance showed a declining function as compared to cristalized which showed accumulation tendancies (Baltes, 1987) This evidence shows that development is not a one way procces but takes different directions and that includes both childhood development and aiging, reafirming the point made above that aiging also qualifies to be considered as being part of development. Also in southafrica it has been noted that due to the inaccesibility of adiquate health care by children during the apartheid some children were born with birth defects while others suffered from malnutrition and became disabled showing the different varyng trajectories that human development can take (Youth hearings, 1997). Therefore the presence of malti-directionality as a life-span concept helps us to understand the various dimentions and directions taken by development throghout a person’s life hence it earns its importance in understanding human development. The life-span approach again plays a very important role in understanding human development when looking at the assumption that ‘development is historically embeded’ (Elder, 1998). This concept cannot be separated from the concept of contexualism hence Elder, (1998)’s work is to be viewed in light of the two concepts. According to Baites, (1987) the idea behind this assumption is that the historical location of a person together with the socio, economic and caltural experiences the individual encounter during that time has an impact on how he developes. He went on to say that this assumption brings in history as an important factor that facilitates one’s nature of deverlopment To support this assumption it was discovered that children who faced economic hardships during the time of the great depression looked far much older than their normal age but tended to recover when the conditions got better showing again that development is a continous procces (Elder, 1998). To further support this line of thinking it must be clarified that Elder, (1998) is stressing the fact that there is continous interplay between factors such as history, timing of life transitions such as early pregnancy, shared elationships and a person’s unique ability to execise agency which has been defined by Baites, (1987) as plasticity These factors greatly influence the developmental trajectories of a person (Sugarman, 1986). To support this he turns his attention to the oakland and berkely studies done on children who experiences the second world wa r, the great depression and the korean war. As shown by this research children born during the economic meltdown of the great depression probably laked proper parenting and this affected maturation. He went on to mention that children who lived during the second world war and the korean war had different experienes as compared to the oakland study and their developmental gains and losses were different. In southafrica research shows that black children who lived during the apatheid era ended up in sqatter camps without any aducation, with poor sanitation no recreation facilities and high health risks, this forced some to join ganges. Removal from their land also caused identity confusion which is a very important developmental task according to Erikson. showng that historcal context brings with it a unique experience that individuals are exposed to and this has a great impact on one’s developmet reafirming the claim tht the life-span approach is important in understanding human development. It has also been brought to attention that the research methods used by life-span researchers are to some extent unreliable and may produce inaccurate information. As critics of this approach have noted life-span researchers mainly use introspection, questioning and obsarvation for example Elder, (1998) on his study of children of the great depression admits that they would ask the subjects on how they thought the great depression influenced their lives, Havighurst also used the same technique in his study of developmental tasks and this is problematic since subjects are most likely unware of their developmental tasks and deficits (Sugarman, 1986). He went on to say researcher bias is also a broblem for example theorists like Erikson may have been influenced to research by their background and the results they produce may bear similarities to what they personaly feel, not the actual facts on the ground. Pllasticity is another life-span concept that t can help us understand human development. Though it has been mentioned above we now look at it in more detail. According to (Li Freund, 2005) it is the campacity of the individual to influence his own developmen meaning a person may counciously or uconciously influence heir own developme. Biological research on cortical plasticity across the life-span by (Li Freund, 2005) has shown that the brain of adults can change its stractural and functional organisation due to its developmental history. The research also showed the reorganisation of functions of the cortex in old age such as the use of both hemspheres to compansate for decline and this shows the importance of pasticity in h uman develoment. The last charecteristic of the life-span approach to be discussed is the fact that human development is multi-disciplinary meaning that it encompasses other fields such as bbiology, sociology and anthropology (Baltes, 1987). This assumption is further supported by Huvighurst (1972) who also suggest that developmental tasks arise from ‘physical maturation, caltural presure and individual aspirations (Sugarman, 1986). He gives the example that learning to read may be as a result caltural influence, one’s willingness to read and your mental or cognitive capability hence these three fields may simaltenously influence development. Though this essay aims to assert the importants of the life-span approach to development we cannot turn a blind eye on some of the weaknesses and critisisms brought forward agains this approach therefore we will start with the last concept which stated that human development is is malti-desciplinary. Schoolars like Sugarman, (1986) have argued that much of the work presented to support the assumption remains in doupt since research done in german society may not be applicable on a Southafrican context and therefore this particular concept does not fully expain human development of all people across the world since developmental tasks such as choosing a job are calture specific (Havighurst, 1972). Another critisism of the life-span approach is that it that some of its ideas are incontradiction with its principles for example Sugarman, (1986) notes that life-span developmental theorists offer a road map of development, Erikson’s eight stages and Havighurst’s assumption that failare to overcome a particular stage would result in unhappyness. This is in direct contradiction to the notion that development is malti-directional and does not follow a particular pattern of developmen which bergs the question as to weather this approach is really essential in understanding human development. After closely examining the assumptions of the life-span approach and the arguments presented against it, it is evident that the approach has a lot of inconsistancies and that the research methods used to some extend are inconclusive. After aknowledging these facts it is however iumportant to note that not all of the life-span approach’s research is obtained by quationable means and that it is the only theory of human development which better explains human development in Southafrica. The life-span approach is also to be credited for being the only thery of human development which is malti-disciplinary and it is also not deterministc in that there is always hope to overcome life;s challenges Also its methods are easily applicable therefore in conclusion it remains beyond reasonable doupt that development is a life-long procces and that the life-span approach is vital in understanding human development. ? References Baites, P. B. (1987). Theoretical propositions of life-span developmental psychology: On the dynamics between growth and decline. Developmental Psychology, 611-623. Boyd, D. , Bee, H. (2006). Life span development (4th ed. ). Boston: MA Pearson Education. Elder, G. H. (1998). The life course a developmental theory. Child development. BF431 . M374 1972. Havisghurst, R. (1972). Developmental tasks and education. (3rd ed. ). New York : D. McKay Co. BF701 . H37 1972. evelopmental theory. Child development, 69, 1-12. Leo, B. , Kloep, H. , Kloep, M. (2002). Lifespan Development Resources, Challenges and Risks. Oxford: Thomson Learning. Li, S. C. Freund, A. M. (2005). Advances in lifespan psychology;A Forcus on biocaltural and personal influences. Research in human development, 1-23. Salkind, N. J. (2004). Intoduction to Theories of Human Development. Califonia: Sage Publications. Stenberg, L. , Bornstein, M. H. , Yandell, D. L. , Rook, K. S. (2011). Life-Span development;Infancy through chidhood. Belmont: WAadsworth Cengage Learning. Sugarman, L. (1986). New essential psychology:Life-Span development, concepts th eories and interventions. New York: Methen Inc. How to cite Is the Life-Span Approach Essential to Human Development, Essay examples

The Beauty of Figurative Language free essay sample

Nobody wants to read a boring story. Figurative language is used to make sentences more interesting. William Wordsworth uses figurative language to allow his words to be more imaginative and vivid. William Wordsworth was born on April 7, 1770 in the scenic area of Great Brittain. He was a major English Romantic Poet (wikipedia). In the poem [I wandered lonely as a cloud] by William Wordsworth, he takes readers on a journey reflecting visions of nature. Figurative language is used to clarify the poets response to nature. Wordsworth shares his experience in nature through an emotional response. [I wandered lonely as a cloud] has many poetic devices. Three examples are similes, personification and hyperboles. One of the most obvious poetic devices in figurative language are similes. Similes are one way Wordsworth describes how he wanders alone as part of the landscape. I wandered lonely as a cloud (line 1) is the first distinct simile in the poem. We will write a custom essay sample on The Beauty of Figurative Language or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page By using the ord as the author helps the reader understand how he wanders alone by comparing it to a cloud. The author goes on to mention how long he wanders by using similes. Continuous as the stars that shine (7) expresses how long he wanders. Wordsworth uses the word as to assist the reader in understanding the steady and continuous length he travels. Personification is often used to give a non-human object human traits. Wordsworth uses personification to describe a cluster of golden daffodils. An evident use of personification in the poem is When all at once I saw a crowd (3). The daffofils are described as if they are a group of people. The author uses personification to describe how lively the daffodils move. Fluttering and dancing in the breeze (6) is an apparent use of personification. Wordsworth helps the reader visualize their movement by describing the daffodils as dancing. In figurative language hyperboles are exaggerations used for emphasis. In the poem, William Wordsworth uses hyperboles to magnify how far the golden daffodils spread. The first clear hyperbole is They stretched in never-ending line (9). Wordsworth exaggerates how far the daffodils are stretched along the side of the bay, by using never-ending. The author conveys how many daffodils there are by using hyperboles. Ten thousand saw I at a glance (11) states the large quanity of daffodils. Wordsworth uses an exaggerated number to express to the reader the amount of daffodils there are. Similes, personification and hyperboles are just three of the many poetic devices in the poem, [I wandered lonely as a cloud]. Wordsworth uses similes to put the reader in the his state of mind. The author describes the daffodils as if they are people by using personificaton. By using hyperboles, Wordsworth goes on to exaggerate the volume of daffodils. Stories can be made more interesting just by using figurative language.